中国式不干预主义:治、治理性与全球治理

On Chinese Non-Interventionism: Governability, Governmentality and Global Governance

通过"治"的视角,探讨中国在国际事务中的不干预主义路径。可以得出,中国对(不)干预的态度不一定会因对主权和人道主义原则的理解转变而变化。确切地说,中国决定是否赞成干预行动,更多是从"治"出发考虑,这种考虑强调维持目标国原有秩序,加强其"自我治理"能力,而非强加新秩序。这里,中国"治"的思想提供了国家间治理的新思路,超越了当前盛行的、源自自由主义治理性的全球治理实践和话语体系。首先,需要明确"治"理念在中国历史的起源,它源于中国传统政治思想中固有的"治"(有序)与"乱"(混乱)交替的历史周期律。如果模糊国内与国际政治的界限,这种理念就可以为"全球治理"提供一种新前景,这种前景并非基于建立治理性模式下的共时性规范和价值观,而是基于接受多样性和差异的合法性。

This essay examines China＇s approach to non-interventionism in world affairs through the prism of ＂governability＂ thought. It argues that Chinese attitudes toward （non-）intervention are not necessarily changing as a result of shifting understandings of sovereignty or the humanitarian impera- tive. Rather, the decision as to whether China sanctions intervention rests more with govemability con- siderations, which place importance on maintaining not imposing order and enhancing the ca- pacity for ＂self-governance＂ of the state. Here, Chinese thinking on governability presents an alterna- tive view of how governance at the inter state level ought to be exercised, going beyond prevailing prac- tices and discourses of global governance as premised upon a liberal governmentality. The essay illus- trates how the idea of governability has roots in China＇s past, flowing from the cyclical historiography inherent in Chinese political thought on the interactions between Zhi（order） and Luan（chaos）. Blurring the boundaries separating the domestic from the international realm, it advocates a vision of ＂global governance＂ based not on the creation of universalizing norms and values via modes of governmentali- ty, but on the acceptance of diversity and the legitimacy of difference.