哲学:思向何方

Philosophy: Where Does It Go Towards

哲学无法回避对自身走向的思考。哲学的走向关联着哲学关切的方向,与之相关的是20世纪以来各种形式的"哲学终结"论,后者内在地包含对哲学命运和走向的理解。当然,"哲学终结"论所谓已经终结或者应当终结的哲学,乃是指历史上的某种特定形态,而不是全部哲学,而面向语言、意识或政治伦理等特定的存在领域,则构成了与"哲学终结"论相伴随的哲学进路。不过,哲学既无法终结于某一时期,也难以限定于语言、意识或特定的存在领域。扬弃以上限定,意味着回到现实的世界,后者在形式层面肯定形式逻辑与辩证思维的互补,在实质的层面则要求走向基于"事"的现实世界。"事"既是现实世界生成的前提,也是人自身的存在方式。关注基于"事"的现实世界,同时意味着反思人的做事过程:"为何做事"?"成就何事"?"如何做事"?前二者关乎做事的价值目的和价值方向,后者则涉及做事的方式。从哲学层面上对基于事的世界的探究和追问,既涉及思想之流,也关乎现实之源。

Philosophy has to reflect its own direction of development. In 20th century, this reflec- tion is associated with various doctrines about the end of philosophy. Substantively, what ＂the end of philosophy＂ implies is the end of certain philosophy, not philosophy itself. Following various state- ments of ＂the end of philosophy＂, there are the tendencies towards language, consciousness and the ethics or politics. However, philosophy can never end in certain period, and it cannot be limited in cer- tain sphere or issues either. To go beyond the above limitation demands the unity of formal logic and di- alectical thinking in the formal sense, and it also means to go towards the actual world based on the Shi （affaire-engagernent） in the substantive sense. Shi（affaire-engagement） is both the precondition of the becoming of actual world and the way of human existence. When we concern the actual world based on affaire, we actually reflect simultaneously the process of doing things： Why to do thing？ How to do thing？ The former involves the value end of doing thing and the later is related to the way or means of doing thing. The investigation of the actual world based on affaire is connected with both the thoughts and the reality.