“计划生育”的叙事向度与写作难度

Narrative Dimension and Writing Difficulty of Family Planning

计划生育题材小说是当代文学中的一种重要文学类型,这类小说细致再现了乡村生育意愿与国家政策限制之间"留与流"、"生与禁"的持久博弈,构建了以病与疯为主要症候的创伤性人格景观。这类小说对于研究特定国家制度与政策之下的个体境遇与心理、乡村的精神文化与地方传统具有重要的意义。本文以莫言、李洱和郑小驴的小说为中心,分析当代计划生育小说形成的不同叙事向度或"讲述"方式。同时,针对计划生育小说的"压抑性叙事"和小众化处境,从计生事件的争议性和暴力美学的难度分析这类小说的写作困境和叙事限度。

The novel about Family Planning is an important literary type in contemporary litera- ture. These novels show in detail enduring tension on ＂retention and abortion＂, ＂life and prohibition＂ between country birth desire and distriction by the government, and form traumatic personality land- scape characterized by the symptoms of illness and madness. These novels are very important for the re- search about the individual situation and psychology under some special national systems and policies, and the rural spiritual culture and local tradition. The article takes Mo Yan, Li Er and Zheng Xiaolv as the center, and analyses the diverse narrative directions or ＂telling＂ modes. Meanwhile, according to the literary situation characterized by ＂depressed narration＂ and minority, the article analyses the writ- ing predicaments and narrative limits from the controversy in the event of birth and the difficulty of the violence aesthetics.