不同土壤水分条件下黑果枸杞光合特性及产量分析

Photosynthesis and Yield Analysis of Black Fruit Wolfberry under Different Soil Moisture Conditions

[目的]探讨不同土壤灌溉水平对青海诺木洪黑果枸杞光合特性及产量的影响。[方法]以引进的3年生青海诺木洪黑果枸杞新生枝条为试材,采用不同水平的水分控制试验,测定其叶片光合参数及果实产量。[结果]不同灌水量对黑果枸杞光合气体交换参数有显著影响,随着灌水量的减少,黑果枸杞光合气体交换参数(光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度)均呈先增加后减弱的趋势;不同灌水条件下黑果枸杞叶绿素含量较对照均有上升,且处理间差异显著;水分利用率随着灌水量的增加而逐渐减少,以灌溉量3 000 m^3/hm^2处理最优,为24.43 g/kg;产量以灌溉量4 500 m^3/hm^2处理最优,为2 175 kg/hm^2,但与灌溉量3 000 m^3/hm^2处理差异不显著。[结论]根据不同灌水处理下经济效益和土壤水分的可持续利用原则,采用滴灌条件下,灌溉定额以3 000 m3/hm^2为宜。

[ Objective ] To investigate the effect of different soil irrigation on Qinghai Nuomuhong black fruit wolfberry photosynthetic charac- teristics and yield. [Method] We took the 3-year-old Qinghai Nuomuhong black fruit woltberry newborn branches as test materials, and measured their leaf photosynthetic parameters and fruit yield by different levels of moisture control test. [ Result] There were significant impact on black fruit wolfberry photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, with irrigation amount decreasing, black fruit wolfberry photosynthetic gas exchange parameters （photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance） showed first increasing then weakening trend; under different irrigation black fruit wolfberry chlorophyll content increased compared to the control, and there was significant differences among treatments; water use efficiency decreased gradually with irrigation amount increasing, and 3 000 m^3/hm^2 treatment was optimal for water use efficiency by 24.43 g/kg; 4 500 m^3/hm^2 treatment was optimal for yield as 2 175 kg/hm^2 , but there was no significant difference between the 2 treatments. [ Conclusion] According to the principles of sustainable economic use and soil moisture under different irrigation treatments under drip irrigation, irrigation quota of 3 000 m^3/hm^2 is better.