永安市园林植物区系特征及抗寒性分析

Analysis of Flora Characteristics and Cold Tolerance of Garden Plants in Yong'an City

基于物种组成层面,分析永安园林物种组成问题,并利用现存资料,提出相应的优化建议,旨为提高永安园林品质提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)共记录178种园林植物隶属63科125属,其中蕨类植物3科3属3种;裸子植物7科12属17种;双子叶植物45科78属111种;单子叶植物8科32属47种。(2)永安市园林植物有较多的单科单种应用,应用种数较多的科为百合科、棕榈科、蔷薇科、木兰科、山茶科、木犀科等。(3)南山公园物种数最高,有129种隶属95属52科,龟山公园次之,江滨公园最低。(4)属地理分布表明永安市园林植物热带区系性质明显,R/T值为1.56,中国特有分布属较少。(5)冻害调查表明,永安市园林植物受冻率为37.08%,重度受冻率为14.61%,其中南山公园植物重度受冻率最高,为17.05%。(6)重度受冻植物属地理分布均为热带分布,多为外来常绿被子植物,可为园林植物引种选择提供思路。本研究表明永安市园林植物组成乡土树种、彩化树种、藤本植物、特有植物,使用率偏低,抗寒性有待提高,有较大的优化空间。

The species composition of the garden plants in Yong＇an City,was analyzed and using the existing data,the optimum composition of garden plants was obtained. The results indicated：（ 1） a total of 178 species of garden plants were recorded which belong to 125 genera and 63 families including 3 species in 3genera and 3 families of ferns,17 species in 12 genera and 7 families of gymnosperm,111 species in 75 genera and 45 families of dicotyledon,and 47 species in 32 genera and 8 families of monocotyledon;（ 2） a relatively large number of single-species-single-family garden plants were found in Yong＇an Park; the frequently used families are Lilyaceae,Palmaceae,Rosaceae,Magnoliaceae,Theaceae,Oleaceae;（ 3） South Mountain Park had the largest number of species,amounting to 129 species in 95 genera and 52 families,followed by Guishan Park and Riverside Park had the smallest number;（ 4） tropical components were the main distribution types,the R /T value was 1.56 while the types endemic to China were relatively less;（ 5） cold damage survey showed that Yong＇An garden plants had a cold damage rate of 37.08% and a severe cold damage rate of 14.61%; Nanshan Park had the highest severe cold damage rate of 17. 05%;（ 6） the properties of the species with severe cold damage suggested that the exotic evergreen tropical species were easier to be attacked by cold stress and this fact would be helpful to the selection of garden species.The study discovered that the proportions of native species,colorful species,vine species,endemic species were small,ability of cold tolerance needed enhancement.Some measures are suggested for the optimization of the garden species composition in Yong＇an City.