近代社会转型中影响中日法律移植成效因素的比较——以出洋考察立宪为视角

The Comparison on Factors of Transplantation between China and Japan in Modern Legal System Transition——From the Perspective of Abroad Inspection Constitutionalism

在近代法制转型过程中,中国和日本都先后进行了一场去西方考察宪法、变革法律的运动,通过这种直接途径进行法律移植,从而实现从传统法制向近代法制的转变。在形式上,中国清政府亦步亦趋学习日本明治政府的做法,也先后两次派人出洋考察他国立宪,然后根据考察人员的建议在国内进行法制改革,但产生的效果却迥然不同,原因在于中日考察团对西方法文化的感悟、体认有所不同。之所以形成这种差别认识,是由两国出洋考察时的环境条件决定的,包括出洋时的国内外背景、立宪基础、民族心理乃至外国政府的态度等宏观、微观方面的因素。但通过出洋考察,西方法文化都不同程度地影响了中日国内的法制改革,促使了两国宪法文化的生长,从而也推动了两国法律近代化的进程。

In the legal system transformation process,The Qing government and the Meiji government once send the constitutional missions twice to investigate the constitutionalism in other countries,in order to reform the domestic law.Through this direct pathway,China and Japan want to realize the transition of traditional legal system to modern legal system.China followed Japan blindly in form,but got the different effect because of the different perception of western legal culture,because China and Japan went aboard under different conditions,including domestic and foreign environment,the basis of constitutionalism,national psychology,the attitude of foreign countries etc.Through going aboard,western legal culture had a strong impact on China and Japan＇s law reform,led to the development of constitutional culture in the two countries,and then promoted the law modernization.