遗嘱解释论

On the Interpretation of Wills

遗嘱自由是私法自治的重要组成部分,但作为意思表示主要工具和载体的语言文字常常充满着歧义,并由此出现漏洞,因此往往对其有解释的必要。建立完善的遗嘱解释体系事关遗嘱人遗愿能否顺利实现,也体现了国家对遗嘱自由的尊重。遗嘱解释的体系包括对遗嘱的实际解释以及推定性解释规则(任意性规范)。在实际解释后仍无法探求遗嘱人真实意思的,方能适用推定性解释规则。在民法典中,须对两种解释规则所涉及的法律条文进行妥善安置,将实际解释的相关规则规定于总则编中,将推定性解释规则规定于继承编中。

Juristic act is the main way of fulfilling autonomy of will.However as the main tool of declaration of will,language and words are usually full of equivocation and leak,therefore there are always the needs of interpretation and construction.Establishing the rules of construction and interpretation of wills are extremely important for people to achieve their own wills,and it also reflects the legislator＇s attitude of respecting the freedom of deposition construct wills.Judges need to use the skill of interpretation firstly and construe a will only when interpretation fails.Principle of honesty and good faith is not one of basic methods of interpreting wills,it is used only when other methods fails.In Civil Code,legislators should reasonably and scientifically arrange those provisions,which means putting the rules of interpretation into the General Chapter and the provision concerning about construction of wills will be put into Inheritance Chapter.