我国四城市中小学生饮料消费种类及家长的影响

Beverage consumption in primary and secondary school students in four cities of China

目的了解我国四城市中小学生饮料消费种类及其家长的影响,为开展相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对沈阳市、广州市、武汉市、成都市9 221名中小学生及其家长进行饮料消费行为问卷调查。结果中小学生最常饮用的饮料前5位是奶类(60.5%)、碳酸饮料(37.0%)、果蔬汁饮料(31.0%)、功能饮料(26.9%)和鲜榨果蔬汁(22.5%),不同性别和学段的学生饮用的饮料种类不同。学生与家长的饮料消费行为正相关(r=0.152,P<0.01)。小学生受家长影响的因素较多,包括家长文化程度、家庭经济水平以及家长的饮料消费行为。男生主要受家庭经济水平影响,女生主要受家长文化程度影响。家长文化程度、家庭经济水平越高,学生越容易消费鲜榨果蔬汁。相对于小学,家长文化程度为初中、高中及以上的学生消费鲜榨果蔬汁的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.344(1.168~1.546)和1.439(1.273~1.627);相对于家庭经济水平低,水平为中、高的学生消费鲜榨果蔬汁的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.321(1.151~1.515)和2.075(1.604~2.683)。结论我国四城市中小学生饮料消费以奶类为主,饮用碳酸饮料的中学生仍占有较高比例。应制定干预策略,着重考虑学生的性别、家长的文化程度和家庭经济水平。

Objective To investigate beverage consumption in primary and secondary school students in four cities, and to provide basis for developing appropriate interventions. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to recruit subjects. A total of 9 221 primary and secondary students and their parents were selected from Shenyang, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information on beverage consumption. Results Dairy ＆ dairy products, carbonated beverages, juice drinks, functional beverages, freshly squeezed fruit ＆ vegetable juices were the top 5 most popular beverages among primary and secondary school students, with rate being 60.5%, 37.0%, 31.0%, 26.9% and 22.5%, respectively. Students in different gender and grades consumed different kinds of beverages. Positive correlation of beverage consumption behav- iors between students and their parents was found（ r=0.152, P〈0.01）. Beverage consumption among pupils were more influenced by parental education, family economic, and the beverage consumption behaviors of parents. Boys were mainly impacted by the family economic while girls were mainly impacted by parental education. The higher parental education and family economic was, the more likely students consumed freshly squeezed fruit ＆ vegetable juices. Compared with the primary school educational level of parents, the odd ratio of freshly squeezed fruit ＆ vegetable juices consumption were 1.344 （ 1.168, 1.546） and 1.439（ 1.273, 1.627） in middle and high school students, respectively. Compared with low family economic, the odd ratio of moderate and high level in freshly squeezed fruit ＆ vegetable juices consumption were 1.321 （ 1.151, 1.515） and 2.075（ 1.604, 2.683）. Conclusion Working with families and parents to prevent child and adolescents＇ beverage consumption is of great importance.