干支纪年因素与唐前期户籍编造的稳定

The Annals of Ganzhi (Heavenly Stems & Earthly Branches) and the Stability of Early Tang Dynasty's Household Registration

唐朝是古代中国户籍编造的成熟时期,形成了稳定的"三年一造"制度。而依照法令全面展开户籍编造的时间是武德六年,这一年的干支是癸未。据"造籍以季年"(丑、辰、未、戌)的规定,唐前期理应造籍的年份有45个。这一数据在敦煌吐鲁番户籍文书中有15个年份相重合,从咸亨二年(辛未)到开元十九年(辛未)是为造籍一甲子,另有7组户籍编造之年的地支保持一致,表现为十二年为一周的造籍循环。由于"三年一造"制度引入了干支纪年的循环性,使得唐前期百余年的户籍编造有序展开,没有因为政局、年号、历法、地域等因素的变化而变化。

The household registration system in ancient China had been matured in Tang Dynasty. It did practice on three-year cycle. The sixth year of Wude was a significant one for making the census register legal- ly. The Ganzhi of this year was Guiwei（the Year of the Goat）.According to the code Zaoji yi Jinian （Chou, Chen, Wei, Xu）, there was 45 years for household surveys in principle. The data had the coincidence with 15years in the Dunhuang-Turfan＇ s household registration documents. Because of the cyclicity of the Ganzhi, the stability of Tang＇ s household registration system had been maintaining for over 100 years. It had virtually no impact on the stability by these factors such as political situation, reign-titles, regional difference and so on.