近十年入侵植物紫茎泽兰研究进展

Progress of the research on invasive plant species Eupatorium adenophorum over the last decade

紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)是我国危害最为严重的入侵植物,对农业、畜牧业和生态环境造成了严重的危害。本文从紫茎泽兰的生物学特性、入侵机制、入侵的生态学效应、防治与利用等方面总结了近十年紫茎泽兰的研究成果;概述了紫茎泽兰生殖和物候特征等有利于入侵的生物学特性,阐明了有利于其扩张的生理因素;总结了紫茎泽兰入侵的分子生物学机制和化学机制,紫茎泽兰入侵对生态系统中微生物和土壤生化性质的影响;介绍了紫茎泽兰防除、替代控制和利用方面的进展;指出应加强化感物质的降解和影响机制、化感物质与微生物群落间关系的研究,以及从变害为利的角度出发挖掘紫茎泽兰的利用价值;提出自然条件下对紫茎泽兰的种群建立、群落演替方面研究的重要性。

Eupatorium adenophorumis the most invasive weed in China and has caused enormous losses to agriculture,the livestock industry,and the environment.This review focuses on E.adenophorumbiological characteristics,invasion mechanisms,ecological effects of invasions,and controls and utilizations,and summarizes the progress of research on E.adenophorum over the past decade.We review reproduction and phenological characteristics of E.adenophorum,which illuminates the physiological factors that could benefit its expansion.Then,we summarize the molecular,biological,and chemical mechanisms of E.adenophoruminvasion,and clarify its effect on microorganisms and soil biological and chemical properties.We summarize the research on controls,replacements,and utilizations of E.adenophorum.This paper also points out that research on the mechanism of allelopathic degradation and the relationship between allelochemicals and the microbial community should be strengthened,and the utilization value of E.adenophorumshould be explored.The importance of studies on population establishment and community succession of E.adenophorum under natural conditions is emphasized.