新疆5种藜科盐生植物的饲用价值

Feeding value evaluation of Xinjiang five chenopod halophytes

为了研究新疆5种藜科一年生盐生饲草红叶藜(Chenopodium rubrum)、野榆钱菠菜(Atriplex aucheri)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、盐角草(Salicornia europaea)和高碱蓬(Suaeda altissima)的最佳刈割时期和相对饲用价值大小,对其3个不同生育时期(营养期、初花期和结实期)的营养成分含量进行测定分析。结果表明,5种植物在初花期营养价值最高,地上部生物量能够满足载畜需求,因此适宜在初花期开发利用;5种盐生饲草在初花期与苜蓿(Medicago sativa)相比,红叶藜的相对饲用价值最高,之后依次为野榆钱菠菜、盐地碱蓬、高碱蓬和盐角草。野榆钱菠菜、红叶藜和高碱蓬甜菜碱含量丰富,在7%左右,盐角草、红叶藜和野榆钱菠菜草酸盐含量超标。总之,这5种植物均具有一定的饲用开发利用价值,但盐分含量偏高不宜长期单一饲喂反刍动物。

This study aimed to determine the suitable harvest time and evaluate the feeding value of five cultivated chenopod annual halophytic forage grasses（Chenopodium rubrum,Atriplex aucheri,Suaeda salsa,Salicornia europaea,and Suaeda altissima）that sampled from Xinjiang saline-alkali soil.Plants samples were analysed for nutritional component contents during three different growth periods：nutrient absorption,blooming,and fruiting periods.The results showed that the nutritive value of the five halophytic plants were highest in the blooming period.Furthermore,their above-ground biomass in dry matter was adequate and supported significant livestock production and,therefore,we determined that the suitable time to use the halophytic grass as fine forage feed was in the blooming period.Compared with alfalfa in the blooming period,the feeding value of C.rubrum was the highest,followed by A.aucheri,S.salsa,and S.altissimain that order while S.europaea had the lowest value.Considering the secondary metabolic compounds with positive or negative effects on the fodder feeding value,C.rubrum,A.aucheri,and S.altissima were rich in betaines,at approximately7%.The oxalate content of S.europaea,C.rubrum,and A.aucheri exceeded the safe concentration.In summary,all the five halophytes showed the potential to be the sources of livestock fodders,but their use as the sole feed for extended periods should be avoided.