我国农产品价格支持政策改革的效果与建议

Effects and Suggestions of Price Support Policy Reform on Agricultural Products in China

农产品价格支持政策改革是我国在新时期、新的农业发展形势下的重要改革措施之一,也是农业供给侧结构性改革的重要内容。2016年我国在东北三省和内蒙古地区实施了玉米的生产者补贴政策以替代原来的临时收储政策。在大量实地调查和数据分析的基础上,文章研究了玉米生产者补贴政策的实施情况、效果以及存在的问题,并提出了相关政策建议。研究表明,生产者补贴政策完善了玉米市场定价机制,使玉米价格回归到合理的市场价格,缓解了玉米产业下游加工和饲料企业压力,但也存在补贴不足以弥补农户损失、区域间分配不平衡、"镰刀弯"地区政策目标冲突、农民卖粮难以及政策执行成本较高且容易引发纠纷等亟需解决的突出问题。基于此,文章提出要坚持市场化改革方向,减少政府干预,转变补贴方式和发展方式,提升我国农产品竞争力的政策建议。

The reform of the policy supporting the price for agricultural products is an important measure and al- so part of the agricultural supply - side reform in the new period and new agricultural development situation. The government implemented the maize producer subsidy policy in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China in 2016. Based on field investigations and a data analysis, this paper analyzes the current status, effects and problems of this policy, and offers policy suggestions. The study shows that the subsidy policy improves market pricing mechanism, and alleviates the pressure on processing enterprises, but there are also many problems, including low subsidies, uneven fund distribution among regions, conflicting policy objectives in the sickle - shaped re- gion, difficuhy to sell grain, and high policy cost. Based on this, this paper proposes continuing market - ori- ented reform, reducing government intervention, establishing direct income subsidies based on land area, and changing the mode of subsidy and development to make agricultural products more competitive.