地理与社会视野中的民间文化--惠东小岞考察

Folk Culture in the Perspective of Geography and Society:Research on Xiaozuo in Huidong

小岞位于惠东(惠安县东部),为"惠安女"居所。当地的生计方式——"讨海吃"以及聚落形态——"讲风水"体现在海洋、山地、洼地等对比之上;小岞人也通过"拜神明""敬祖先"来实现自我认同。小岞人生活在一个整合了人-人、人-物、人-神等人文关系的体系之中,"惠安女"不是例外。从小岞人和他们的祖先营造及再营造的人文关系体系中,可以看到,被人们视作"缺乏历史动力"的民间文化,自身有着强大的创造力;这一创造力的存在,比标签化的"惠东形象",更应引起政治经济实践者的重视,对其进行研究,也将更有助于更新文化研究的内涵。

This paper is an analytical report based on field research,and it shows the folk culture of Xiaozuo(小岞)from the perspective of geography and society.Xiaozuo is a coastal town located in Huidong(Eastern Huian County)in southern Fujian,and it'ss the place where Huiannv(Huian females)live.By researching the naturehuman geography and the totality of social life in Xiaozuo,we find that the means of local livelihood taohaichi(living by fishing讨海吃)and settlement pattern jiangfengshui(paying attention to fengshui讲风水)are reflected in the comparison of oceans,mountains and depressions;and Xiaozuo people achieve their self-identity by worshiping gods and worshiping ancestors.Xiaozuo people live in a system that integrates the human relations of man-man,man-thing,man-god,and in which Huian females are no exception.From the human relation system constructed and reconstructed by Xiaozuo people and their ancestors,we can see that the folk culture regarded as'lack of historical impetus'has great creativity;and compared to the labeled image of Huidong,political and economic practitioners should pay more attention to the existence of this creativity.And the research on this will be more helpful to update the connotation of cultural studies.