傣族创世史诗《巴塔麻嘎捧尚罗》:文本形态与演述传统

The Creation Epic PATHAMAGAPENGSHANGLUO: Textual Multiformity and Oral Performance

傣族创世史诗《巴塔麻嘎捧尚罗》,既融入了天神创世、人类产生、万物起源、日月形成、洪水泛滥等神话内核,也吸纳了口传叙事与佛经文学的诸多要素。通过文本比较,可以探查该史诗的叙事结构和基干情节母题,从而印证这一史诗传统的形成和发展是本土神话故事和外来佛经故事结合的产物,也是傣族地区本土宗教与小乘佛教和谐并处的结果。傣族村寨佛寺有大量的创世经本供僧人阅读,或者民间歌本由章哈自己保管和使用。史诗的主要传承人有歌手章哈和僧人康朗,他们各司其职,相互协作,共同参与了史诗的创编、演述和传承。

The creation epic of the Dai （Tai） people,translated in Dai language literally as PATHAMAGAPENGSHANGLUO, narrates the creation of the world, including how the God Yingba created the world, how the human being and other things appeared, how the people was destroyed in the big flood, and so on.These stories come from both Dai tradition and Buddhism. There are great amount of manuscripts kept in Buddhist temples; Buddhist monk could read them for villagers. Besides, it is performed by singer Zhangha orally, while Dai people celebrate some special ceremonies related to it. The singer Zhangha and the Buddhist monk Kanglang work together to create,perform and transmit the epic of the Dai people.