口头传统文类的界定——以哈尼族“哈巴”为个案

Defining Oral Genre: Taking Xa^(33)pa^(31) amongst the Hani People as A Case Study

"哈巴"是哈尼族口头传统中最为重要的一种艺术形式,承载了哈尼族许多重要的民俗文化、民间智慧和地方知识。但是,不论是在传统社区还是在学界,有关"哈巴"的一些最基本问题至今仍然模糊不清。本文旨在立足于本土口头传统,重点探究"哈巴"文类研究中的一些疑难问题,而非套用民间文学界既有文类名称来直接对应"哈巴"。厘清"哈巴"的文类问题,有助于实现学者观念与地方知识的对接,进而反思学界当前对各民族口头传统文类的界定方法及其局限。

The oral genre Xapa is one of the most important verbal arts among the Hani people. However, some basic aspects in its definition are still unclear, both in traditional communities and academia. Based upon the field study on local oral traditions, the present paper mainly explores on the boundaries of Xapa with an attempt to resolve the long existing debate concerned, devoting to bridge the gap between academic canons and local ideas through interpreting issues which derived from Xapa, and re-examine the academic classification of oral traditional genres in multi-ethnic literature of China.