晚唐五代時期城防戰探索——兼論五代後唐滅梁戰爭的致勝因素

Inquiry into Siege Warfare from the Late Tang to the Five Dynasties Period,with a Discussion of the Winning Factors of Later Tang Conquest of Later Liang

晚唐五代城防戰頻繁,促進攻守技術日益發達。由於中晚唐以來實行職業雇傭兵制度,而城防戰不僅涉及動員大量人力物力,亦往往不能速戰速決,意味着對戰雙方背負沉重的後勤及財政負擔,戰爭内容重點不僅是對城市的攻守,還包括如何持續地供養己方在戰場的部隊和破壞敵方的糧道。比如梁晉夾河之戰,傳統看法認爲優勢騎兵是晉軍的關鍵因素,卻低估了梁晉雙方沿河進行的多場城防戰鬥的關鍵性。

The frequent outbreak of siege warfare fostered a marked development of siege craft from the late Tang to the Five Dynasties period.By the system of professional mercenary armies,involvement of massive manpower and material mobilization and the indecisive nature of siege warfare implied huge logistical and therefore financial burdens on the belligerent powers.Thus,the content of wars became not only about the attack and defense of cities,but also how to provision campaigning armies and to destroy enemies'logistics.For the military conflicts between Jin and Later Liang,the superiority of cavalry was traditionally viewed as the critical factor of the Jin conquest of Later Liang.However,it grossly underestimated the dominance of siege warfare between Jin and Later Liang along the Yellow River during final stages.