走馬樓簡牘公文書中諸曹性質的判定——重論長沙吴簡所屬官府級别

Determination on the Nature of Cao Seen from Official Documents in Zoumalou Slips:Re-evaluating on Wu Slips' Affiliated Institutions

走馬樓三國吴簡的發現帶動了漢晉史研究,但有關簡牘的性質、歸屬官府級别、埋藏原因等基礎問題,迄今未能得到完滿解答。這很大程度受制於吴簡整理進度,已刊資料多爲簿書;隨着竹木牘的清理,我們發現其中包含公文書,多由諸曹製作與運行,是釐定行政級别的關鍵資料。本文對涉及諸曹的公文簡牘進行分類,逐一討論"草刺"、"叩頭死罪白"、"君教"等文書中"曹"的性質與級别;以人名爲線索,對草刺文書中的諸曹掾史進行集成,對照同姓名者在簿書、公文中的身份記載,判定諸曹的級别爲縣級;在回應吴簡所屬官府級别的諸種爭議之後,得出其爲臨湘侯國檔案羣的判斷。本文的工作方法,期待爲長沙市中心出土其他批次簡牘性質的研究提供借鑑。

Great progress has been made in the study of the history during Han-Jin periods by the excavation of Zoumalou slips in the city Changsha,however,some fundamental problems relating to this batch of materials has not been solved yet.First and foremost,which administrative institute manufactured these documents and concealed them afterwards?This article attempts to answer the above inquiries with the newly published Wu official documents.By using a variety of research methods such as textual analysis and classification,integration on name of grass-roots officials in document,the author discovered that Cao(Secretarial Departments),the administrative institution seen most commonly in Wu slips,belonged to the marquis state Linxiang(equivalent to a county).What's more,all the documents unearthed from Zoumalou were produced in the administrative operation of the marquis state.This new discovery not only ends the previous arguments on the nature of Zoumalou slips,but also sets a work example for the collection and research on other bamboo and wooden slips unearthed from the downtown of Changsha city.