水肥一体化条件下设施黄瓜的氮磷钾吸收分配规律研究

Study on the absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of cucumber in protected cultivation of integral control of water and fertilization

以‘碧玉'黄瓜为试材,在春播设施栽培条件下,研究了灌溉施肥黄瓜对主要矿质营养氮、磷、钾的吸收分配特点。结果表明:黄瓜在不同时期对氮磷钾的吸收和分配比例不同,开花期、初瓜期、盛瓜期、末瓜期N素吸收量分别占整个生育期吸收总量的5.4%、28.0%、52.2%和14.3%;P素为7.1%、37.6%、34.0%和21.2%;K素为3.4%、19.2%、54.5%和22.7%。黄瓜对氮磷钾三要素的吸收,以钾最多,氮次之,磷最少。黄瓜整个生育期氮磷钾的吸收总量为25.09 g/株,三者的吸收比例为1:0.48:1.36。形成75—90 t/hm^2商品产量的黄瓜,氮磷钾吸收量分别为244.5—293.4 kg/hm^2、117.8—141.3 kg/hm^2、327.8—393.3 kg/hm^2。

The absorption and distribution characteristics of main mineral nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium of cucumber were studied under the condition of spring sowing facilities cultivation of integral controlof water and fertilization, taking cucumber variety ＇ Biyu＇ as test material. The results showed that the absorptionand distribution rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are different in different growth stages of cucumber. Thepercentages of N uptake amount at flowering stage, early fruit stage, mid-fruit stage and late fruit stage to thewhole growth period were 5.4% ,28.0% ,52.2% and 14.3%, respectively. Correspondingly, the percentages ofP were 7.1% ,37.6% ,34.0% and 21.2% ,and the percentage of K were 3.4% ,19.2% ,54.5% and 22.7%.Among the absorption amount of N, P, K of eucummber, K was the most, the second was N, the least was P. Thetotal amount of N,P,K absorbed by cucumber in the whole growth period stage were 25.09 g/plant,and the N：P205：K20 ratio was 1：0.48： 1.36. To obtain 75--90 t/hm2 cucumber,the absorption amount of N, P, K shouldbe 244.5--293.4 kg/hm2, 117.8--141.3 kg/hm2 ,327.8--393.3 kg/hm2 respectively.