塑料大棚气象条件及其对黄瓜生长影响

The meteorological conditions of vinyl houses and their effects on cucumber growth

为研究影响黄瓜瓜果生长的农业气象条件,对2015年5月26日—6月22日大棚内外小气候和黄瓜生长量的观测数据进行了数理分析,并建立了棚内、外太阳总辐射强度的统计模型。结果表明:(1)白天棚内气温高于棚外,温差在1.2-4.9℃,最大值出现在12:00;夜间(19:00—5:00)棚外温度比棚内高1℃左右,温差最大值1.2℃(出现在21:00—23:00)。(2)9:00—13:00,棚内相对湿度低于棚外相对湿度,11:00—13:00差值最小,13:00相对湿度最低;14:00开始上升,19:00差值达到最大,整个夜间棚内湿度均高于棚外相对湿度,并持续到次日8:00;夜间棚内80%以上时间的相对湿度≥95%,较棚外明显偏高。要注意夜间大棚的通风降湿,以防治病害等发生蔓延。(3)黄瓜相对生长量与棚内小时积温、前一天太阳总辐射累积量有较好正相关关系。

The cucumber growth and the observation data of microclimate inside and outside vinyl housesbetween May 26 and June 22 of 2015 were mathematically analyzed, and statistical models of solar radiationintensities inside and outside vinyl houses were established so as to study the meteorological conditionsinfluencing cucumber growth. The obtained main results were as follows ： （ 1 ） In the daytime the air temperatureinside vinyl houses was higher than outside, the difference was 1.2--4.9 ℃ and the maximum difference was atnoon;At night （19：00--5：00） the air temperature inside vinyl houses was about l℃lower than outside, and themaximum difference（ occurring between 21：00--23 ： 00） was 1.2 ℃. （ 2 ） Between 9 ： 00--13 ： 00 the relativehumidity inside vinyl houses was lower than outside, the difference was the least between 11：00--13：00, and at13：00 the relative humidity was the lowest;Their difference rose at 14：00 and reached the highest at 19：00,andat night-time the humidity inside vinyl houses was higher than outside until 8：00 on the next day;For more than80% of night-time the relative humidity inside vinyl houses was 95% or higher, being obviously higher than thatoutside. Therefore, at night-time vinyl houses should be given a ventilation and dehumidification so as to controldisease incidence. （3）There was a quite good positive correlation of the cucumber＇ s relative increment to bothaccumulated temperature by hour in vinyl houses and accumulated solar radiation energy on the previousone day.