论侵权责任法与无因管理之债的界分与协调——兼评《侵权责任法》第23条

On the Division and Coordination of the Tort Liability Law and the Debt of Negotiorum Gestio:Comment on Tort Liability Law Article 23

在传统理论中,合法性是侵权责任和无因管理之债界分的根本标准,但是细分两种制度的利益衡量冲突和价值选择取向,以正当性代替合法性才能真正界分和协调两种制度。两种规范制度存在交叉和竞合关系,发生不同的法律效力。但是随着现代侵权责任法的发展,已经在一定范围内可以代替无因管理制度的相关内容。防止、制止侵害行为的见义勇为应当受《侵权责任法》第23条规制,这正是以补偿义务为形式的损失分担制度的发展,使侵权责任法的调整领域不断扩张的结果,同时也是"大侵权主义"民法发展趋向的标志。

According to traditional understanding, the legality is the basic standard of distinguishing tort responsibility and the debt of Negotiorum Gestio. However, based on the conflicts of interests and the choice of value, we should carefully study the two systems, and replace legality with legitimacy in order to truly distinguish and coordinate these two systems. There are overlapping and competing relationships be- tween them, so they have different legal effects. But with the development of modem tort liability law, it has been able to replace the Negotiorum Gestio in a certain range. Doing boldly what is righteous in order to pre- vent and stop the infringement shall be subject to Tort Liability Law Article 23, which is the development of the loss sharing system in the form of compensation obligation, and this is not only the result of expanding the field of tort liability law, but also the symbol of the development trend of the civil law of ＂big tort law＂.