代际支持对老年人健康的影响——基于社会交换理论的视角

Effects of Intergenerational Support on Health among Elderly——A Study Based on the Perspective of Social Exchange Theory

基于社会交换理论,利用2010年中国妇女社会地位调查老年人专项数据,通过Logistic回归模型,分析代际支持对老年人自评健康的影响。结果显示,62.98%的老年人与成年子女之间的代际支持不均衡。模型一显示,与完全没有给予代际支持的老年人相比,给予1项、2项、3项代际支持的老年人的自评健康不好的发生比较低;与完全没有接受支持的老年人相比,接受2项代际支持的老年人的自评健康不好的发生比更高;与代际支持均衡的老年人相比,代际支持不均衡的老年人的自评健康不好的发生比较高;代际支持的均衡性与代际交换强度每增加一个单位,老年人自评健康不好的发生比就分别下降8%和9%。给予代际支持、代际支持均衡性与代际交换强度对健康均有显著的影响,未来的老龄政策应大力鼓励向下的代际支持、提升代际支持的均衡性、增加代际支持的交换强度。

Based on the social exchange theory,we used data focusing on elderly from the 2010 Survey on the Social Status of Women in China to analyze the effect of the different dimensions of intergenerational support on the self - rated health among elderly through Logistic regression. The results show that 62.98% of old adults had inbalance intergenerational exchanges with their adult children. Compared with these without any giving support, elderly who are giving one,two and three kind of support are less likely to report being poor self - rated health. These who are receiving two kinds of support are more likely to report being poor self - reported health when comparing these receiving no support. The odd ration of being poor self - reported health for old adults who are out of balance in intergenerational exchange are higher than these with balanced exchange ; With each unit increase in amount of balance and intensity of exchange ,the Odds ratio of reporting being poor self- rated health is decreasing 8% and 9%, respectively. Based on the significant effects of giving, receiving, balance, intensity in intergenerational sup- port on health among old adults, future policies related to aging should strongly encourage downward flow of intergenerational support, increase the balance of intergenerational exchange and the intensity of intergenerational exchange.