尔曼里仪式中的圣餐——“果碟”象征意义与功能的宗教人类学阐释

The Ermanry's“sacrament”:The symbolic meaning and function of“Guo Die”in the perspective of religious anthropology

在哲赫忍耶的尔曼里仪式上,"果碟"被视为圣餐,是道乘功修必不可少的神圣用品之一。"果碟"的象征意义源自哲赫忍耶门宦所崇尚的反对宗教世俗化,追求净化信仰的苏菲精神。"九品"是苏菲修行的最高境界,赋予"果碟"这一象征意义旨在从个体伦理修养的角度维系门宦制度下的等级秩序。随着哲赫忍耶门宦制度赖以存在的社会结构的根本性变化,宗教语义支配社会秩序和解释世界意义的功能逐渐弱化不可避免,当前,在尔曼里仪式中,"果碟"与"油香"、"宰牲"等仪式食物作为沟通人神的媒介,发挥着增强门宦内部认同与整合的功能。

＂ Guo Die＂ is always regarded as a sacrament m the Ermanry rite oI at -Jahriyyah. It＇s one of the essential elements ot me religious activities of Sophia. The symbolic meaning of ＂Guo Die＂ derives from the Sophic spirit advocated by al - Jahriyyah, it oppo- ses the secularization of religion and seeks to purify the belief. ＂Jiu Pin＂ is the highest level of Sufi＇s cultivation. Giving＂ Guo Die＂ this symbolic meaning is to maintain the hierarchical order under the System of Menhuan from the perspective of individual moral cultivation. With the fundamental change of the social structure on which the al - Jahriyyah＇s Menhuan rests, the function that religious dis- course dominates the social order and explains the world meaning has gradually weakened inevitably. At present, in the Ermanry rite, ＂Guo Die＂ and the fried cake as well as the ritual slaughter have served as the medium of communication between man and God and played the function of strengthening the internal recognition and integration of Menhnan.