云南德宏傣族传统制陶术调查研究

A study of the traditional technology of pottery production by the Dais in Dehong of Yunnan province

云南德宏曾是历史上制作和使用陶器的重要地区,但今天仍在制陶的村寨仅遗芒巷村。调查发现,芒巷村制陶者用一整块陶泥捏塑陶坯,然后拍打修整成型,不像云南大多数地区的傣族那样使用泥条盘筑技术。以往学术界对陶器的成型技术的描述常为过于简单的:"这个陶器用拍砧成型法制成"。但是国外学者根据东南亚的调查研究指出,一个陶器拍砧成型之前的过程是多样的,仅靠"拍砧成型法"这样的简单分类不可能全面了解制陶者如何制陶,也不可能正确看待以不同方式使用拍砧成型技术的制陶者,因而拍砧成型前的过程在生产中至关重要。关于历史上的德宏傣族制陶术未见详细文献记载,芒巷村的传统制陶术不仅是德宏傣族制陶技艺的难得遗存,也为制陶技术的多样性提供了一个不可多得的例证。

Today Mangxiang Village in Dehong of Yunnan province is the only place where people still produce pottery though in the past the whole area of Dehong was producing and using pottery. This investigation reveals that the potters of Mangxiang Village make a rough shape with a whole piece of clay, and then form a finished body of the pot with a paddle and an anvil. Unlike those in most other Dai - inhabited areas in Yunnan province, a long clay - coil is used to make the semi - finished product. ＂This kind of pottery was made by the paddle and anvil method＂, the previous description of the pottery production, is inaccurate and misses some key steps in the making of such pottery. According to the research in Southeast Asia, some foreign scholars have concluded that the shaping process is complicated. Up to now. because scholars concerned have found no written historical data about the pottery production in the Dai - inhabited area of Dehong, the traditional technology of pottery production in Mangxiang Village is not only a cultural heritage but also a rare case for the study of the diversity of pottery technology