农村养老保障的制度演进与发展趋势探析

Analysis of the institutional evolution and development prospects of the rural aging-care insurance system in China

当前,我国面临严峻的养老态势,老龄化进程加速发展。其中,农村老人最多、增速最快、贫困率最高,成为扶贫攻坚的主攻点,亟待完善农村养老保障制度。在回顾近年来国内外关于农村养老保障相关文献的基础上,发现契合农村实际,运用生产力与生产关系视角的研究相对较少。从生产力和生产关系的辩证联系角度,梳理新中国成立以来我国养老保障政策轨迹及运行,剖析农村养老保障制度的历史变迁,为研判农村养老保障的运行规律和发展趋势指明方向,提出打造"社会化、政府主导、城乡统筹、农业产业现代化"的"四位一体"路径,打通制约农村养老保障的发展瓶颈,为保障农村居民享受基本、公平的养老生活提供制度支持。

At present, China faces serious aging - care problems due to the increasing number of the aged, of whom the most numerous and the poorest are in the rural area and wait for a better aging - care insurance system and poverty alleviation. With a review of the related literature at home and abroad in recent years about the rural aging - care security, this study concludes that the researches in the perspective of the actual rural reality and the relationship between the productivity and production relations are relatively fewer. From the dialectical perspective of productivity and production relations, this paper gives a historical analysis of China＇s aging - care security policies since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, especially those for the rural aged, and tries to reveal their implementa- tion and development trends. It finally proposes the model of ＂unity of four key factors＂, that is, socialization process, government - led policies, integration of urban and rural areas and agricultural modernization, which can help break the bottleneck in hindering the development of the rural aging - care insurance system and provides an institutional guarantee for the rural aged.