乡村再建中的“乡绅”——日本东北地区乡村的田野调查经验对中国社会的启示

“Gentry”in the rural reconstruction: Enlightenment to China from the field investigation in the rural northeast of Japan

在日本现代社会,"武士"早已退出历史舞台,如今,管理日本乡村社会的是"笃农家"和村落精英,即村落中的"乡绅"。他们是村落自治的主体,各显其能,身体力行,发挥着村民与政府沟通以及引领村民的作用,为稳定、发展村落社会做出了贡献。日本在乡村治理方面有很多经验,特别是调动本地人才积极性方面的成功经验,值得我们思考;而摒弃官方与民间的二元框架,给乡村更多的自主空间,让有志于乡村建设,真正代表农民的"乡绅"发挥作用这一点,对于中国新农村建设更具启发意义。

＂Samurai＂ has quit the stage of history in modern Japanese society, and the management of the rural society of Japan is de- pendent on ＂devoted farmers＂ and the village elite, namely, the village gentry as the subject of the village autonomy with strong devo- tion and abilities of various kinds, playing a role of an liaison between the government and the villagers as well as the leader of the villagers, and contributing much to the stability and development of the village community. It is beneficial to learn the good Japanese ex- perience in the rural governance, especially the successful experience of motivating the local talent, and the experience of abandoning the dual framework of the government and the people through giving more autonomy to the devoted ＂rural gentry＂ as the representatives of the farmers, which should have much significance to the new rural construction in China.