中继卫星支持海量航天器在轨测控技术

Tracking and data relay satellite system for huge number satellite control

目前中低轨的卫星在轨测控主要基于地面测控设备,当管理的在轨卫星数量持续增加时,需要不断地建设新的测控站或增加测控设备,同时由于地球遮挡限制,一个地面测控站的测控范围只占一颗卫星运行弧段的很小部分,集中在国内建设的地面测控站无法解决轨道全弧段覆盖难题。地球静止中继卫星系统的高覆盖特性和多址服务能力为近地卫星在轨测控提供了空间和频域的多重复用能力,文章从中继链路性能、多目标服务项目、多目标服务能力、覆盖特性等方面进行了详细分析,结果表明在现有的管理模式下,3颗具有多址能力的中继卫星就能管理中国目前在轨的和今后一段时间发射的所有近地卫星,这将显著降低在轨卫星对地面测控设备的需求。同时,中继多址测控服务模式可以克服现有在轨卫星管理时间域集中和应急能力差的缺陷,为卫星用户提供更多的服务手段,满足不同在轨卫星管理和使用要求,大幅提升在轨卫星的安全性和使用效率。

Usually,on-orbit satellites are controlled by the ground-based TT C stations.The more on-orbit satellites are on orbit,the more TT C stations and equipments are needed to be constructed.Meanwhile,due to the Earth surface curve,a TT C station can cover only a few part of a satellite′s entire orbit.High coverage percentage and multiple access technology enable the tracking and data relay satellite system（TDRSS）greatly enhancing its power in space domain and frequency to control much more on-orbit low earth orbit satellites.Theanalysis on the link performance, multiple service items, multiple service numbers and coverage percentage manifests that a TDRSS,with its SMA technology,can control huge numbers of on-orbit low earth orbit satellites.Three tracking and data relay satellites（TDRS）uniformly stationed at geostationary orbit can control all China current on-orbit and to be lunched satellites without increasing the TT C stations and equipments.Then three SMA service modes were described,which eliminate the TT C control gaps caused by the earth blackout and quickly response to any emergency service. With TDRS′ SMA support,a satellite control center has more choice to control on-orbit satellites which improves its management efficiency,use efficiency and most importantly to improve the guarantee of the satellite safety.