我国扩大惩罚性赔偿适用范围的理论探析——以侵权责任法为视角

A Theoretical Analysis of Expanding the Application Scope of Punitive Damages in China

惩罚性赔偿是一项源于英美法系的损害赔偿制度。与一般的补偿性赔偿相比,惩罚性赔偿制度的目的主要是预防、惩罚与遏制不法行为。作为一种特殊的民事责任制度,惩罚性赔偿制度只有在特定的法律关系下才能加以适用。我国目前在侵权责任的某些领域谨慎地引入了惩罚性赔偿制度,其适用范围非常有限。着眼于惩罚性赔偿所具有的多种可被挖掘的功能,结合惩罚性赔偿在损害赔偿法领域的发展趋势及我国司法实践的需要,扩大惩罚性赔偿在侵权责任法中的适用范围具有理论可行性和现实必要性。

Punitive damages are a system of damages arising from Anglo-American law.Compared to the general compensation,the purpose of punitive damages system is mainly to prevent,punish and curb illegal behavior.As a special civil liability system,the punitive damages system can only be applied under the specific legal relationship.At present,China has introduced punitive damages system in some fields of tort law,but its scope of application is very limited.With the development of punitive damages in the field of damages law and the need of our country’s judicial practice,it has theoretically feasibility and necessity of reality to expand the scope of application of punitive damages in the tort law,with a view to the various functions of punitive damages.