晚清日语译才培养机构研究——京师同文馆之东文馆新考

Research on the Training School for Japanese Translators in the Late Qing Dynasty——New Studies on the Japanese Language School of Tongwenguan, Beijing

为解决外交人才的严重匮乏,满足清政府借助"日本途径"转译西书的刚性需求,京师同文馆于甲午战后增设东文馆,开创了国内官办日语教育的先河,在中国外语教育史上具有划时代的意义。东文馆学员既要兼习中日两文,又须加习一艺,此种教学模式至今仍资借鉴。作为同文馆五所外文馆的延伸,译学馆成为京师大学堂重要的组成部分,其日语教育也沿袭了东文馆的办学模式,为清政府培养出大批高水平的日语译才。

To solve the problem of the shortage of Japanese translators for foreign affairs and meet the social demand for translating Japanese books, the Tongwenguan in Beijing established a Japanese training school, pioneering in the history of official Japanese training and marking a new stage in the Chinese history of Japanese training. The students of the Japanese training school were required to learn Chinese and Japanese at the same time, as well as specialize in one subject. This was a useful teaching mode and provides examples of merits from which we can draw. After Tongwenguan was merged into Capital University, as the extension of the five branches of Tongwenguan, the translating school became an important part of the university, and its Japanese training program followed the school system of a Japanese training school. Many highly-qualified Japanese translators for the government of the Qing dynasty were trained here.