阿伊努人的源流——与绳纹人的送灵仪式比较为中心

The Origin of the Ainu——Focusing on the Spirit-Sending Ceremony in Comparison with the Jōmon People

作为日本唯一现存的少数民族,阿伊努人的源流,尤其是其与日本的主体民族大和族人的祖先绳纹人之间是否存在族源关系一直是学界的一个热点。本文拟从比较神话学的角度出发,结合语言学、考古学、遗传学等证据以阿伊努人盛行的送熊灵仪式和绳纹人的送女神灵仪式进行对比考察,分析了二者送灵仪式中的目的、手段、信仰性质和经济基础,认为阿伊努人和绳纹人虽然存在族源上的联系,但阿伊努人更早地已经从二者共同的族系中分离出来了,根据送灵仪式差异可以判断二者分化于绳纹中后期原始农业产生之前。

The origin of the Ainu, which is the only aboriginal minority in Japan, has always been a hot issue among academics, especially on the question of whether they were related to the Yamato people, as are the majority of Japanese, and the Jomon people by blood. Based on previous research, this paper tries to analyze the prevailing spirit-sending ceremony, like the bear＇ s spirit ceremony from the perspective of comparative mythology. Based on a study of their ceremonies, this paper analyzes the cultural meaning and world-view hidden behind the spirit-sending ceremonies performed by the Ainu and the Jomon people, which helps us to study the origin oftheAinu.