赫拉克利特的“对立面之统一性”学说再析——一种非辩证法的考察

Heraclitus' Thought of Unity of Opposites Reconsidered:A Non-dialectical Study

亚里士多德最早从逻辑规则出发批评赫拉克利特违反了矛盾律。当代西方学者借助数理逻辑手段进一步揭示了亚里士多德这一批评的逻辑意义,认为赫拉克利特对立矛盾学说之所以犯下逻辑错误,在于将对立面界定为同一性关系。本文通过流变学说对事物自身矛盾对立面的展现,认为赫拉克利特从经验观察的归纳出发提出了对立面之统一性而非同一性的论述,并进一步分析了赫拉克利特所揭示的互为矛盾事物的相互联系及其相互作用,认为赫拉克利特最终在事物生成、变化的宇宙论层面阐明了对立面的统一性关系。

Aristotle provided a standard critic to Heraclitus's violation of contradiction,which is wildly accepted up to the present.Some contemporary scholars interpreted logical fallacies in Heraclitus'fragments,and inquired into these fallacies'origin,that is,Heraclitus committed to the identity of opposites.This paper reconsiders Heraclitus'thought on opposites based on his Flux Theory,and distinguishes his suggested opposites into three kinds.According to Heraclitus'cosmology,daily observation and induction,this paper provides an analysis of Heraclitus'discussion on the manifold opposites and their predicated subjects'becoming,changing and interacting,while presenting a standpoint of the unity of opposites.