南太平洋区域海洋机制的缘起、发展及意义

The Emergence,Development and Implications of the Regional Ocean Regime in the South Pacific

区域海洋机制的形成和发展,是南太平洋区域一体化进程的重要组成部分和重大成就之一。这一机制形成的最初动力,来自南太平洋地区独立、自治岛国政府和人民共同的政治关切和环境关切,并经历了四个发展阶段:20世纪70年代中至80年代初,机制的地理空间"基本构块"、国际法框架和组织结构框架形制初具;20世纪80年代,随着南太平洋论坛渔业局和南太平洋区域环境规划署的建立,以及渔业资源和环境领域系列公约的通过和签署,区域海洋机制的组织框架和公约框架基本形成;20世纪90年代,区域海洋机制在实践中不断向纵深发展,同时针对暴露出来的一些问题,采取了积极应对之策;新世纪以来,区域海洋机制在制定区域海洋政策、确立"四支柱"区域组织框架。

The emergence and development of the regional ocean regime makes a key part of and major achievement in the process of regional integration of the South Pacific. The initial drive to build the regime was the political and environmental concerns shared by governments and citizens of the independent and self-governing island countries of the area. The South Pacific regional ocean regime has developed through four stages. From the mid of 1970s to the early 1980s, the primary geographic building block, framework of international laws, and institutional framework of the regime were all created. In the 1980s, with the estab- lishments of South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency and the South Pacific Regional Environment Program, and endorsement of a series of conventions in the field of fisheries and resources, the conventional frame- work of the regime was build. In the 1990s, regional regime has been developing continuously in practice, and at the same time, active countermeasures were taken to deal with some newly emerging problems. Since the beginning of the new century, the South Pacific regional ocean regime has made significant progress in the development of regional ocean policy. The establishment of a ＂four-pillared＂ regional institutional framework, the introduction of regional ocean strategies, and the entrenchment of guiding principles, values and norms, all of which suggest that the South Pacific regional ocean regime is entering into a more mature stage of development. The emergence and development of the regional ocean regime in the South Pacific has unique characteristics and multi-level implications.