美国大学竞技体育发展研究及启示

Research on the Development of Competitive Sports in American Universities and Its Enlightenment

美国大学实行竞技体育和高等教育同步发展的原则,保证了美国大学生在接受科学文化教育的同时,接受全面的竞技体育教育,做到科学素质、人文精神及健康体魄三者兼备,培养出众多奥运会冠军,是世界高等教育与体育教育完美结合的典范。我国大学竞技体育游离于教育之外,其发展核心理念已不能适应当今高等教育发展的需要。中、美两国教育和体育管理体制迥然不同,美国大学竞技体育发展的先进理念,竞赛组织和管理等方面的成功经验,对于转变我国大学竞技体育发展理念,深刻理解大学竞技体育的育人价值,改革和完善大学校际竞赛管理制度,有较为重要的启示和借鉴的意义。

This paper analyzes the history and current situation of the development of competitive sports in American universities by means of field research, literature review and expert interviews. The study concludes that American universities adopt the principle of simultaneous development of competitive sports and higher education so as to ensure that American college students receive scientific and cultural education while accepting comprehensive competitive physical education so as to achieve the scientific quality, humanistic spirit and healthy body. A large number of Olympic champions are the world＇s perfect combination of higher education and physical education model. China＇s university competitive sports are separated from education, and their core concept of development cannot meet the needs of the development of higher education. The successful experience of American college athletic sports development and its competition organization and management have important inspiration and reference significance for the transformation of China＇s college sports development concept, profound understanding of the value of college sports, reforming and improving the inter-university competition management system.