合成生物学助力应急疫苗研制

Synthetic Biology Contributes to Rapid Production of Vaccine for Emergency Use

合成生物学具有系统性思维和工程学理念的特点,致力于创造新的生命或新的系统。合成生物学为疫苗研发人员提供了新的思路,不断开发出新疫苗研制的技术平台。通过抗原重构技术,合成的强抗原能够很好地激活VRC0-1种系的B细胞;利用合成生物学合成自组装的纳米颗粒疫苗,能够有效地暴露保守抗原;通过合成生物学完成流感疫苗基因组的快速组装,大大缩短了疫苗的研制周期;通过系统性地改造,重组沙门菌再一次成为疫苗开发的重要工具。合成生物学在应急疫苗研发过程中疫苗研制平台搭建及快速合成新发传染病抗原方面发挥着突出作用。

Synthetic biology, the engineering of biology, aims to synthesis of complex, biologically based systemsto display functions that do not exist in nature. In this review, we focused on new ideas and new technology plat-forms provided by synthetic biology for the vaccine development. Through the technology of antigen reconstruction,a more effective immunogen was synthesized and could activated germline and mature VRC01-class B cells; self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccine induces antibodies targeting conservative regions of both the HA stemand the HA head, and produce antibodies against a wider range of flu strains than traditional vaccines; syntheticvaccine seeds will be assembled and rescued rapidly, which would accelerate responses to influenza pandemics; bysystematic reconstruction, recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine（RASV） strains exhibiting both hyperinvasivephenotype and delayed lysis phenotype becomes a universal DNA vaccine-delivery vehicle. In all, synthetic biolo-gy plays an important role in new technology platforms and rapid assembly of the pathogenic microorganism anti-gens during vaccine development against emerging infectious diseases.