重金属污染土壤修复中钝化材料的应用研究进展

Application of Passive Materials in Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

由于土壤重金属污染对植物、动物和人类健康的直接和潜在毒害,以及它的不可降解性,使得重金属污染土壤的修复受到了越来越多的关注。化学钝化修复技术作为一种重要的重金属污染土壤修复手段,是通过向土壤中添加化学材料,经过吸附、沉淀、络合、离子交换等一系列化学反应过程,降低土壤中重金属的环境风险,因其具有原位性、经济性、操作的便捷性等特点而越来越多地被应用到重金属污染土壤修复的实践中。该文通过对近年来应用于重金属污染土壤修复中的钝化材料进行分类概述,总结了各类钝化材料钝化重金属的效果、机理和应用情况,为重金属污染土壤修复提供理论依据。

The issue of soil heavy metal contamination has attracted a lot of attention because of their direct or potential toxicity for plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Chemical remediation technology as an important remediation means which by adding chemical materials to the soil, by adsorption, precipitation, complexation, ion exchange thereby the bioavailability and mobility of the heavy metals could be decreased. Because of its economy, in-situ, convenience which made it had become a frequently-used mean in the progress of farmland contaminated soil remediation. This review summarized various stabilizers reported in recent years and the application in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, the mechanism, application dose. We hope this review can provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of contaminated farmland soil in China.