386例造船厂电焊工职业病查体心电图分析

Electrocardiogram analysis of 386 electric welders at shipyards undertaking physical examination for occupational disease

目的调查分析造船厂电焊工心电图异常情况。方法选取某造船厂职业病查体时386名电焊工为观察组，259名行政后勤人员为对照组，在安静状态下行十二导联心电图检查，进行分析研究。结果观察组心电图总异常率（40．67％）高于对照组（16．99％），差异有统计学意义（x2=40．534，P=0．000）。观察组窦性心动过速、窦性心动过缓、传导阻滞、左室高电压、ST—T改变异常率均高于对照组（均P〈0．05）。不同工龄段比较，观察组心电图异常率均高于对照组；观察组各工龄段心电图异常进行比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05），观察组内比较，异常率随工龄增长而增高，其中〈10年工龄段与其他工龄段比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论造船厂电焊工心电图异常率高于对照人群，与长期接触锰尘和噪声有关。

Objective To investigation the electrocardiogram （ ECG ） abnormalities in electric welders at shipyard. Methods 386 welders were selected as an observation group and 259 administrative workers a control group. 12-lead electrocardiogram examination was performed in a quiescent state and the analysis was carried out. Results The total electrocardiogram abnormal rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [40.67% （ 157/386 ） vs. 16.99% （ 44/259 ） ], with a statistical difference （ X 2 = 40.534, P = 0.000 ） . The abnormality rates of sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, conduction block, left ventricular high voltage, and ST-T change were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group, with statistical differences （ P 〈 0.05 ） . The abnormal rate of ECG was higher in the observation group than in the control group in each work age group. There were statistical differences in the abnormal rate among each work age group in the observation group （ P 〈 0.05 ） . The abnormal rate increased with work age in the observation group. There were statistical differences in the abnormal rate among the work age 〈 10 years groups and the other work age groups （ P 〈 0.05 ） . Conclusion The rate of ECG abnormalities is higher in electric welders at shipyards than in the controls. This might correlate with the long exposure to manganese dust and noise.