设景机制与语篇难度级差之关联

The Relevance Between Grounding Mechanisms and the Level of Difficulty of Text

以往语篇难度的判定多依托词汇、句法等级大纲及连贯与否的主观界定。我们通过对成人、儿童语篇的统计分析后发现:前后景设置与语篇难度等级呈现出有趣的关联。低难度儿童语篇中前景凸显;高难度成人语篇中,后景设置方式多样并凸显,成为区别于儿童语篇的显著标志。后景设置的方式既有结构性的如反指零形主语,也有非结构性的如整段插入式,并具有提升语篇衔接力、增强语篇层次性、小句排列更多样化等功能。因而,景的设置,可以作为判别语篇难度级差的一个维度标准。

The grounding mechanisms has relevance to the level of difficulty of different texts to some degree. Fore-grounding is significant in Children＇s text. Some grammatical structure, like ＂ba＂sentence, ＂le＂, some high transitive sentences appear in both Children＇ s and adult＇ s text, it has no significant difference. But for adult＇ s text, back-grounding is quite different from Children＇ s text which lack of it. Including some grammatical structure,like cataphoric zero subject, and the interposition of paragraph which provide more information. It also has lots of func- tion which can strengthen the force of cohesion in text, supply effective information, enrich the order of clauses. It suggests that grounding mechanisms could be a parameters of the judgement for different level of difficulty of texts.