寨卡病毒病诊治进展

Progression of Diagnosis and Therapy of Zika Virus

寨卡病毒目前是世界上最紧急的病毒之一,属于黄病毒科病毒,主要依靠蚊媒传播。感染后症状与登革热类似,有自限性。成人感染病毒可能出现吉兰-巴雷综合征,孕早期妇女感染可导致新生儿小头畸形。寨卡病毒的实验室诊断方法主要包括病毒分离培养、核酸检测和血清免疫学检测,临床多采用核酸检测和血清免疫学检测结合的方式。寨卡病毒的防治目前尚无有效的疫苗和药物,临床上多采取对症支持治疗;对于普通人群,防蚊灭蚊是最经济且有效的的方法。

Zika virus has become one of the most urgent viruses in the world. The Zika virus is an arbovirus belonging to the family of Flaviviridae. The virus is mainly transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes. The symptoms associated with Zika virus infection are generally mild, which are similar to dengue fever, and the course is self-limiting. There are some cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with Zika virus infection in adult, while in pregnant women, the infection of Zika virus may cause fetal microcephaly. Diagnosis of Zika virus infection includes virus isolation, nucleic acid detection and immuno- logical detection. The recommended way is the combination of nucleic acid detection and immunological detection. Currently there are no effective drugs or vaccines for Zika virus so the symptomatic and supportive treatment is still mostly used. At present, the most economical control measure for general population relies on public and individual strategies to cut down the mosquito population and to avoid mosquito bites.