机械镀技术的现状及发展

Research Status and Development of Mechanical Plating

近30多年来,机械镀技术取得了较大的发展,但相比于传统的电镀、热浸镀、热喷涂等技术,机械镀的工艺原理尚不成熟、工艺控制尚不精确、镀种较为单一、应用推广较为缓慢。鉴于此,从机械镀定义、工艺流程、镀层特征、工艺设备、成层过程金属粉末的吸附沉积、镀层组织结构、镀层的结合机制、镀层的致密化、机械镀的应用等方面全面评述了目前机械镀技术的研究现状及应用情况,并指出了机械镀锌与其他金属机械镀和粉末成型技术嫁接存在的实际问题,提出了今后机械镀机理研究的关键问题,以期促进机械镀技术及相关工艺的快速、良性发展。

The mechanical plating have gained great development in past three decades. Compared with the traditional electroplating, hot dip galvanizing, thermal spraying, it has many problems such as immature process principle, inaccurate process control, no diverse plated coatings, slow progress of application and promotion. In this regard, the current research status and application of mechanical plating are reviewed comprehensively, which include the definition, technological flow, characteristics of the coating, the equipment, adsorption and deposition of metal powder, the microstructure of coatings, the bonding mechanism, the densification of coating and the application of mechanical plating. The practical problems resulting from grafting of mechanical galvanizing to other metallic mechanically deposited coating or other powder molding technology are also pointed out. At the same time, the key scientific issues in mechanism of mechanical plating are put forward. Finally, the discussion in this paper is expected to promote the rapid development of mechanical plating.