北方地区不同基质对辣木幼苗生长的影响及相关性分析

Effects of Different Culture Medium on Moringa Seedling Growth and Correlation analysis in Northern China

研究高寒地区设施条件下,不同基质对多油辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)及其两个改良种PKM1、PKM2的苗木生长阶段株高、地径、形态解剖等特征的影响,筛选适宜的栽培基质。结果表明,珍珠岩+园土+腐殖土(1∶2∶1,T1)、草炭+河沙+腐熟蘑菇基料(3∶1∶1,T_2)、园土+腐殖土+草炭+河沙(2∶1∶1∶1,T_3)、园土(CK)4个基质中,T_2基质最适宜辣木生长,其有机质高达49.97 g·kg^(-1)、孔隙度76.84%、容重为0.58 g·cm^(-3)、速效N、P、K等肥力指标也显著高于其它处理(P<0.05);在T_2基质中,辣木生长速度显著快于其它处理(P<0.05),定植71 d多油辣木、PKM1、PKM2三个品种株高依次是80.2、115.67、81.0 cm,较园土(CK,T_4)分别增长了38.3%、25.7%、28.6%;地径依次为13.27、17.47、15.08 mm,较对照分别增粗了32.0%、14.6%、39.0%;T_2处理的地上部分的发育最快,60 d茎表皮完全死亡、破裂,最外层形成周皮,韧皮纤维及木质部较其它处理发达;结合基质的8个向量因子与辣木株高、地径相关性分析,可知:有机质含量高、通气性、保水性及供肥能力较好的基质更加适宜辣木生长,各因子对辣木生长影响大小顺序依次为有机质、速效钾、含水率、孔隙度、容重、碱解氮、速效磷(P<0.05)。

We investigated the effects of different cultivation medium on seedling growth of Moringa oleifera Lam. , PKM1 and PKM2 under the facilities in northern China, the plant height, base diameter, anatomical shape character, and analyzed relationship between cultivation medium and growth of Moringa seedling. The results showed that peat ＋ sand ＋ rotten mushrooms base material（ 3：1 ： 1, T2 ） was better fit for Moringa seedling growth than the other three treatments which are perlite ＋ garden soil ＋ humus（ 1：2：1, T1 ）, garden soil ＋ humus ＋ peat ＋ sand（2：1：1：1, T3 ） and garden soil（CK）. The contents of organic matter, porosity, and unit weight in T2 substrate are 49.97 g · kg-1 , 76.84% , and 0.58 g · cm-3, respectively. The available N , P, K in T2 are significantly higher than other treatments （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The growth speed of Moringa seedling in T2 substrate are significantly faster than other treatments. After 71-day planting, the plant height of M. oleifera, PKM1 and PKM2 are 80.2, 115.67, and 81.0 cm, respectively, increased by 38.3% , 25.7% , and 28.6% more than Ta（CK） , respectively, and the base diameter are 13.27, 17.47, and 15.08 ram, respectively, increased by 32.0% , 14.6%, and 39.0% more than T4 （CK） , respectively. The aboveground part of seedling grows rapidly under T2 treatment. After 60-day culture, the skin of seedling under T2 is completely dead and broken up. The phloem fiber and xylem are the most developed among four treatments. So relationship between eight vector factors of substrate and plant height, base diameter were analyzed, the result indicate that the cultivation medium which contain high content of organic matter, with capacity of permeability and water retention is more suitable for the growth of Moringa seedling. The factors which are significantly correlative to growth of Moringa seedling are organic matter, available potassium, moisture content, porosity, bulk density, N and P（P 〈0.05）.