某地区煤矿工人尘肺病现状分析及防治对策

Analysis the Present Situation and Countermeasures of Coal Workers with Pneumoconiosis in a Given Area

目的:分析某地区煤矿工人尘肺病的患病现状、危险因素,提出针对性的防治对策。方法:选取2015年9月-2016年9月某地区煤矿工人1398例,所有工人均给予职业体检检查,统计分析所有工人的临床资料、尘肺病发病情况。结果:本次调查中,某地区煤矿有36例工人检出尘肺病,总检出率为2.58%。掘进场所呼尘平均浓度为(8.84±3.24)mg/m^3,总尘平均浓度为(16.87±5.27)mg/m^3,尘肺病检出率为4.40%,均明显高于采煤场所,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同工种中,混合工的尘肺病检出率最高(3.16%),其发病年龄为(37.86±2.82)岁,发病工龄为(14.24±2.02)岁;纯采煤工的尘肺病检出率最低(1.10%),其发病年龄和发病工龄最高,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:该地区尘肺病发病率高,应重点加强煤矿作业场所的环境管理和煤矿工人的健康监护,加大对煤矿工人相关职业自我防护意识及疾病相关知识的宣教,采取科学合理措施,对煤矿工艺进行改革,有效的控制煤矿工人尘肺病的发生。

Objective： To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of pneumoconiosis among coal miners in a certain area, and put forward some countermeasures.Method： 1398 cases of mine workers in a given area were selected from September 2015 to September 2016, all the workers were conducted medical examination, the clinical data of all workers and pneumoconiosis disease outbreaks were statistical analysed.Result： In the survey, 36 workers were detected had pneumoconiosis disease and the rate was 2.58%, tunneling working face call average concentration of dust was （ 8.84± 3.24 ） mg/m3, the total average concentration of dust was （ 16.87 ± 5.27 ） mg/m3, pneumoconiosis detection rate was 4.40%, significantly higher than that of the coal face, the differences were statistically significant （ P〈0.05 ） .Mixed in different type of work, the worker＇s pneumoconiosis detection rate was the highest （ 3.16% ）, the onset age was （ 37.86 ± 2.82 ） years, service length was （ 14.24 ±2.02 ） year, pure coal pneumoconiosis detection rate was the lowest （ 1.10% ）, the differences were statistically significant （ P〈0.05 ） . Conclusion： Pneumoconiosis incidence is high, the region should focus on strengthening environmental management and coal mine workers＇ health, carry out focused education of self protection consciousness and professional knowledge, adopt scientific and reasonable measures, reform coal technology, control the occurrence of coal worker＇s pneumoconiosis effectively.