河北献县方言一百二十年来的语音演变——以戴遂良(Léon Wieger)系列汉语教材和民国《献县志》为基础

Sound changes of Xianxian dialect over the past six score years

根据法国耶稣会传教士戴遂良(Léon Wieger)系列汉语教材和民国《献县志》对当时献县方言的描述,并对比当代献县方言,可以总结出河北献县方言一百二十多年来的语音变化。声母的主要变化是尖团合流的完成。韵母的主要变化是:(1)韵母[ue](中古曾合一入声)消失;(2)韵母[](中古假开三章组)变为[],前后音的音长比例由"短长型"变为"长短型";(3)中古止开三日母字"儿二"等字音值由以辅音为主的[]变为元音为主的[];(4)韵母[o]在唇音条件下变为[]。儿化韵和声调格局与当代献县方言相同。韵母在音色上的变化源于北京话的影响,而音长类型上的变化仍维持献县方言自身的格局。语音层次方面,清末献县方言的中古宕江曾梗通摄入声字韵母文白层与当代一致,但白读层势力较强,文读层辖字很少。中古清声母入声字声调散入四声,但派入阴平和上声的较多,其中派入阴平的为本源层次。

According to the Xianxian county chronology and a series of Chinese textbooks by Leon Wieger, the writer has observed the sound change of the local dialect over the past six score years. It is discovered that in addition to a pair of initial consonants, distinctive changes have occurred to vowels. Lose weakening, lengthening and lowering are observed in certain single vowels and diphthongs. Besides, the nal features have also undergone changes.