灌水次数对豫北小麦水分利用和产量的影响

Effect of Irrigation Frequency on Water Utilization and Grain Yield in North of Henan

为明确小麦水分利用特征,提高对水资源利用的重视,以高产小麦品种周麦18为供试材料,设置全生育期不灌水、拔节期1水、拔节期+开花期2水、返青期+拔节期+开花期+灌浆期4水4个处理,研究了灌水次数对小麦水分利用、产量形成的影响。结果表明,总耗水量与灌水量呈显著正相关、土壤水消耗量与灌水量呈显著负相关,水分利用效率随灌水增加而增加灌水过量而降低、水分边际效应随灌水增加而降低;减少灌水增加了对下层土壤水利用,过量灌水不利用对上层土壤水利用。适当增加灌水提高灌浆后期SPAD值和光合速率,产量随灌水的增加而增加。在本试验条件下,灌拔节+开花2水处理实现较高的产量和水分利用效率。

In order to illuminate water use characters of wheat in Henan province and attach importance to water resources utilization, four treatments, i. e. no irrigation, one irrigation in jointing, two irrigations in elongation and anthesis and four irrigations in turning green, elon- gation, anthesis and grain filling were set and the effects of different irrigation frequency on water utilization and yield formation was studied using the cultivar ＇ Zhoumai 18＇ which had high yield in field experiment. The results showed that it was positive correlation between evapo- transpiration（ET） and irrigation and negative correlation between soil water consumption and irrigation. Water use efficiency （WUE） in- creased with increasing irrigation and decreased with excessive irrigation. Water marginal efficiency（WME） decreased with increasing irriga- tion. The soil water consumption of low layer increased with decreasing irrigation and that of upper decreased with excessive irrigation. The SPAD value and Pn increased with properly increasing irrigation. Grain yield increased with increasing irrigation. The irrigation mode with two irrigations in elongation and anthesis realized higher grain yield and water use efficiency in this experiment.