论道德理论的检验

On the Test of Moral Theories

相比较科学理论而言,道德理论的检验仅仅停留在逻辑检验之上,缺乏道德实践领域合理性的系统检视。尽管道德事实与客观世界的经验事实有所不同,但规范命题也应借由与事实命题相类似的证明方式来获得其合法性。道德理论的经验检验并不基于描述性事实而获得检验,而是建立在道德体验的基础上。这一道德体验是理性的、可借助于语言转换为特定情境中的经验陈述,同时具备普遍意义上的有效性。基于道德理论的检验,道德理论最终能够与我们的经验和信念的整体网络相一致,并进一步为我们未来的生活提供有效的行动理由。

Compared with scientific theories, the test of moral theories emphasizes logical coherence lacking empirical consideration. Although moral facts differ from experiential fact of the objective world, normative propositions should also be legitimated in the way similar to those of factual propositions. The empirical testing of moral theories is not based on descriptive facts to be tested, but on moral experience. Moral experience is rational and universally valid. Through the language, it can be translated into empirical statements in specific contexts. Based on the testing of moral theory, moral theories can eventually be consistent with our overall network of experience and beliefs, and provide further valid grounds for action for our future lives.