交换视角下体育公共服务治理中的问题与对策分析

Problems in Sports Public Service Governance and Solutions from Perspective of Exchange

基于交换理论,以交换理性、交换结构、交换的不确定性为切入点,结合相关治理案例,对体育公共服务治理中的公共性偏移、合作性缺失、多元化不足等问题进行解释。研究认为,在体育公共服务治理中,当经济理性超过社会理性,各主体将形成损公利私的扭曲行为;资源状况的差异导致主体结构失衡,进而导致主体间形成控制与依附的关系,阻碍了以平等、协作为特征的主体间合作形成;不确定性影响了"体制外"组织的参与,导致"多元化"的不足。最后,以培育社会理性、平衡主体结构、降低不确定性三个角度出发,以规范各主体行为为抓手提出治理策略与建议。

Based on Exchange Theory, this paper expatiated on the deviation of publicity, deficiency of collaboration, lack of pluralism of sports public service governance. It was held that in sports public service governance, when economic ra- tionality went beyond social rationality, the main suppliers would seek self-interest at the public expense. The differences in resources led to imbalance of suppliers＇ structure, forming control and dependence among suppliers, limiting the collab- oration of suppliers. Uncertainty affected the participation of ＂outside-system＂ suppliers, and caused the lack of plural- ism. Finally, countermeasure were given for regulating the supplers＇ behavior from the perspective of cultivating social ra- tionality, balancing suppliers＇ structure, and lower uncertainty.