广东省传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素研究

Spatial Distribution Features and Controlling Factors of Traditional Villages in Guangdong Province

通过计量地理方法和GIS手段对广东省126个国家级传统村落空间分布和影响因素进行分析。结果表明:广东省传统村落空间分布类型为凝聚型;从市域尺度来看,传统村落的分布较为集中,主要集中在梅州、清远、广州和湛江四市;从地理区域尺度来看,传统村落在广东省四大地理区域不均衡,呈集中分布的趋势,主要集中分布在粤北,其次是珠三角;另外,广东省国家级传统村落分别在梅州和清远存在2个高密度区。自然环境、社会经济和历史文化为传统村落保存提供了重要条件,是影响传统村落空间分布的重要因素。

By taking 126 national traditional villages of Guangdong Provinces as samples, a database about spa- tial properties of these villages was established by the application of a vector map of Guangdong Province, with a scale of 1 ： 500 000, and ArcGIS. Then, the proximal point index, geography coefficient of concentra- tion, spatial gini coefficient, and unbalanced index were combined and used to analyze the spatial distribution and controlling factors of these villages. The results are as follows： 1） The calculation of nearest-neighbour dis- tance reveals that the spatial distribution of these national traditional villages in Guangdong Province presents a type of cluster; while the calculation of geography coefficient of concentration reveals that in the scale of a city, these villages are mainly distributed in the following four cities： Meizhou, Qingyuan, Guangzhou, and Zhanjiang. The calculation of spatial gini coefficient reveals that these villages present an unbalanced distribu- tion pattern, they are mainly distributed in the north of Guangdong, then is the Pearl River Delta. In addition, the kernel density estimation reveals that there are two high density regions of these villages in Meizhou and Qingyuan, three sub-high density regions in Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and Dongguan, respectively. 2） The spatial distribution of these national traditional villages in Guangdong is affected by natural environment, social econ- omy, history and culture. In terms of natural geographic environment, these villages are mainly distributed in the northern mountainous area of Guangdong, the Pearl River Delta, and the coastal area of Zhanjiang. It indi- cates more villages are distributed in relatively isolated mountainous area and plain area with good farming conditions. The reason is that the geographical environment of mountainous area is relatively independent, so traditional villages have formed their own characteristics in a relatively closed environment and preserved rela- tively complete; plain areas generally have ample water, land conditions and abundant land resources, so it is the first choice for people to live and work. Moreover, the spatial distribution of these villages significantly cor- relates with economic developing level of different regions, they are either distributed in relatively under-devel- oped or developed regions. Because, people and government have money to protect traditional villages in de- veloped regions; and in relatively under-developed regions, the transportation, communication, information ex- change, economic development are relatively backward, where traditional villages were not destroyed but exist- ed. Furthermore, the accumulation of history and culture is another important factor that affects the distribution density of these villages. Historical regions with distinct cultural identity in Guangdong are found to have more traditional villages.