高校女教师婚姻质量与心理社会因素

Quality of Marriage of Female Teachers in College

目的 :探讨不同年龄段女性教师婚姻质量及影响因素 ,为促进其生殖健康提供依据。方法 :分层随机抽取昆明四所高校 80 4名已婚女教师 ,作婚姻质量 (olson)、康奈医学指数 (CMI)、抑郁 (CES -D)、焦虑 (SAS)和主观幸福感的调查。结果 :高校已婚女教师夫妻交流 (3 4 87± 5 13 )、婚姻过分理想化(4 4 0 9± 5 87)、角色平等 (3 1 3 3± 5 5 6)得分高于其它人群 (3 4 10± 6 94、 3 9 2 6± 6 3 2、 2 8 0 6± 5 80 ,P <0 0 1) ,而婚姻满意度、性格相容性、解决冲突的方式、与亲友的关系与经济安排分量表的得分低于其它妇女。其婚姻满意度和性格相容因子分具有随年龄上升的特点 ,尽管≥ 5 0岁年龄组性生活质量 (3 5 2 4± 5 0 0 )及健康状况 (CMI≥ 3 0者为 5 9 1% )较差 ,但其余婚姻质量、主观幸福感和精神卫生水平均显著优于≤ 3 9岁中青年妇女。其中以 3 1～ 49岁年龄组的婚姻质量得分最低 ,并与其SAS、CES -D、M -R高得分呈负相关。结论 :高校女教师婚姻质量与特定文化背景、生活期望、不同生理年龄所承受的应激及心理卫生水平、主观幸福感密切相关。中年知识女性是家庭婚姻及心理卫生服务的重点干预对象。

Objective:To investigate the quality of marriage of female t eachers in college in Kunming Method:804 married female teacher s in colleges in Kunming were collected by cluster sampling They received a series of psychometrics including Olson's Enrich Marriage Inventory (ENRICH), Co rne l l Medical Index (CMI), SAS (self-rating anxiety scale) and CES-D (center for epi demiologic study depression scale) Results:Female teachers had h igher scores in factors of couple communication, of excessive idealization for m arriage, and of role equality than the counterparts of Chinese norm; while they had lower scores in factors of satisfaction for marriage, temperament compatibil ity, style of solving conflicts, relations with relatives and friends, and share d table with economic plan than Chinese norm The scores of satisfaction for ma r riage and temperament compatibility increased with age Teachers older than 50 h ad poorer quality of sex life and physical health (CMI) than those under 39, but they had better quality of marriage in all other factors and had more subjectiv e happiness Generally, teachers of 31～39 were the poorest group in quality of marriage, which had negative correlation with bad mood (by SAS and CES-D) Discussion:Female teachers in college had problems in marriage, which differed with different generations