特殊体质在侵权损害赔偿中的位置——对特殊体质侵权案件纠纷的评析

The Consideration of Special Constitution in Tort Compensation——An Analysis of the Dispute over the Infringement Cases of Special Constitution

我国的成文法对侵权案件中受害人体质特殊能否减轻行为人责任并未规定,虽然有最高法院指导性案例24号可作参考,但在审判实践中能否适用24号的判旨,在何种情况下可以适用均存在重大争论,就特殊体质可否成为行为人减责的原因力问题,同案不同判的现象时有发生。这一问题的根本症结在于对于特殊体质法性的理解以及对侵权法基本原理的认识不够深刻,检讨我国既有学说及司法观点的问题所在,指出特殊体质非法律评价性的本质,并在此基础上给出处理意见。

In our country, the statute law does not stipulate whether the special constitution of the victim can reduce the liability of the perpetrator. Although the Supreme Court guidance case 24 can be used as a refer- ence, there is a major debate on whether the condemnatio can be applied in the trial practice, and under what circumstances it can be applied. The phenomenon of different judgments on common cases frequendy appears due to the problem whether the special constitution factor can be regard as causal force for mitigated responsi-bility in tort law. The fundamental point of this trouble rose from the supeificialness in comprehension of the qualification of the special constitution factor and the principles of tort law. The author tries to point out the problems of theories and judicial views and makes it clear the non evaluation ability of the special constitution factor. Based on this the author gives opinions.