试论言词证据的逻辑结构及其适用价值

Analysis on the Logical Structure of Verbal Evidence and Its Application Value

言词证据的逻辑结构可从内外两个角度分析:内在结构包括言词证据的构成要素和其相关性、可信性,内在构成要素包含作证这一客观行为和这一行为指向相关的命题内容,而相关性、可信性是采纳言词证据的必要条件;外在结构是言词证据在事实论证中的结构,一是其论证型式,二是证据间的复合论证结构,分为收敛式结构和组合式结构。论证的收敛式结构和组合式结构同时指出了攻击不同结构的论证的策略,为检验案件事实论证的有效性提供了指导;论证型式及其批判性问题有助于考察言词证据的有效性。

The logical structure of verbal evidence can be analyzed into inside and outside :Its internal structure includes component factors and its correlation,credibility. The component factors are the objective behavior of witness ' testifying and this behavior must point to relevant propositional content;correlation and credibility are the necessary conditions when collecting verbal evidence. The external structure of verbal evidence exists in argument about the case facts,including the argument scheme and the compound argument structure among evidences,and this structure also has two types,convergent structure and combined structure. The convergent and combined argument structure both point out different strategies to attack different argument with different structure,therefore,it provide a direction to test the validity of argument about case fact. In addition,the argument scheme and its critical questions can help to test the validity of verbal evidence.