夜间环境驾驶员精神负荷的生理特性评估与实验

Experimental evaluation of nighttime driver′s physiological characteristics in driving simulator

以夜间环境下的驾驶行为为研究对象,基于驾驶模拟器开展了四类驾驶实验,以及白天、夜间单一驾驶任务实验,以及白天、夜间主从驾驶任务实验。在驾驶员脑电、心电、呼吸、皮电等生理数据和精神负荷主观评价的基础上,运用统计学方法综合分析了驾驶模拟实验过程中的生理参数变量变化规律。结果表明:相比白天行车环境,夜间环境下驾驶员的精神负荷有一定的增加,在执行主从任务的夜间行驶实验中被测试对象感知的主观压力显著增加,且主观压力与主从任务难度成正比关系。心率变异性功率谱密度、脑电负荷水平等生理指标呈现显著性差异,呼吸频率也有一定的变化,呼吸幅度和皮电的指标变化不明显。研究成果可用于夜间环境下的道路交通安全评价。

With the rapid development of vehicle safety driving assistant technique, drivers need to operate other non-driving tasks during the driving period. This may cause increase in the driver＇s workload. Evaluating the workload by monitoring the driver＇s physical and psychological signals is one of the basic research methods. The nighttime driving behavior in the driving simulator was studied. Four types of driving experiments, single driving task experiments at day and night, master-slave driving task experiments at day and night, were carried out. On the basis of physiological data and mental workload subject evaluation, the changes of the physical parameters were calculated and analyzed using statistical method. The results show that, compared to daytime driving, the nighttime driving mental workload of the driver is much higher. In the process of master-slave nighttime driving experiment, driver subjective pressure increases significantly, and it is in proportion to the difficulty of the experiment task. ECG and EEG physiological index indicators show that the significant difference and respiratory frequency are different. At the same time, respiratory rate and galvanic skin index change are not obvious. The experimental results can be used in the nighttime road traffic safety evaluation.