2014-2015年广州地区儿童流感病毒监测结果分析

Analysis of the surveillance results of children′s influenza from 2014 to 2015 in Guangzhou

目的了解2014-2015年广州地区流行性感冒(简称流感)病毒在儿童中的流行特点,为制订儿童流感防治策略提供科学根据。方法 2014-2015年期间,每周采集该院门诊有流感样症状的患儿咽拭子标本20份,两年共收集标本2 080份。标本接种于狗肾细胞(MDCK)进行病毒分离,并采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)进行病毒核酸检测和分型。用统计软件进行数据和流行病学分析。结果采集的2 080份流感样症状患儿标本中,阳性标本244份,阳性率11.7%。2014年阳性率高峰出现在2月和6月,2月的高峰以新甲型H1N1病毒为优势病毒株,6月份的高峰以H3N2型病毒为主;2015年阳性高峰出现在3月和6月。3月的高峰以B型流感病毒为优势病毒株,6月的高峰以H3N2型病毒为主。2015年新甲型H1N1基本消失。流感样症状患儿中以3~6岁的患儿流感病毒阳性率最高,阳性率为25.6%。结论 2015年广州地区儿童流感病毒流行较2014年更活跃,流行的流感病毒以季节性H3N2型和B型为主,存在A型和B型交替流行现象,而新甲型H1N1流行性减弱,3~6岁的学龄前儿童是容易被流感病毒的高危人群,应当加强监测。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristic of influenza in children in Guangzhou,and provide the scientific basis for prevention.Methods A total of 20 throat swabs were collected from children with influenza-like illness（ILI）each week from 2014 to 2015.A total of 2 080 samples were obtained.The virus was isolated with MDCK cell line and virus type identification were detected by real-time PCR.The relevant data was collected and analyzed epidemiologically.Results A total of 244 were detected positive in 2 080 ILI cases in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2015.The positive rate was 11.7%.The positive rate of influenza virus reached peak in February and June in 2014,and the major type of influenza virus was new type H1N1 in February and H3N2 in June.The positive rate of influenza virus reached peak in March and June in 2015,and the major type of influenza virus were B type in March and H3N2 in June.Only one case of new H1N1 was detected in 2015.The positive rate of influenza virus was25.6%in 3to 6years old ILI children which took larger part than other groups.Conclusion In Guangzhou,the influenza virus epidemic is more active in 2015.The major type of influenza virus in the epidemic is seasonal type H3N2 and B.Type A and type B appeared in the epidemic alternatively.The 3-6year-old children are the high-risk group of influenza infection,and should be monitored.